Tanguy Ortolo

Like it or not, XML has been used everywhere, even in cases where text-based formats would have been sufficient. Unfortunately, standard tools such as grep, sed or awk are not really adapted to work with XML. Let us take the following example:

<chapter
    xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0">
    <title>The Debian distribution</title>

    <para>Debian is a free operating system, describing itself as “the
    universal operating system”. It is mostly known as a GNU/Linux
    distribution, but it also exist in other variants such as GNU/Hurd
    and GNU/kFreeBSD…</para>
</chapter>

Read more Working with XML using standard Unix tools

grep is designed to print lines matching a given pattern, but I often need to print only the matching part, discarding the remaining.

I used to do that with sed, but it involves several actions: match, replace the line by only the matching pattern and print. Fortunately, GNU grep has an option to do just that:

-o, --only-matching

Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line, with each such part on a separate output line.

Unfortunately it is not a standard option, so it may be missing on non-GNU systems.